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Text Rendering Protocol:

Sentences:
  • Deductive approaches produce better results generally (p. 105).
  • Teachers should ask students to clearly explain their hypotheses and their conclusions (p. 105).
  • Apparently the process of explaining their thinking helps students deepen their understanding of the principles they are applying (p. 105).
  • Teachers should ask students to explain their thinking as they generate and test their hypotheses (p. 110).
  • As this chapter has shown, this basic cognitive skill applies to a variety of tasks that are applicable to many subject areas (p. 110).
  • Teachers can use experimental inquiry across the disciplines to guide students in applying their understanding of important content (p. 108).
  • One way to enhance and use students understanding of these systems is to ask them to generate hypotheses that predict what would happen if some aspect of a system were changed (p. 106).
  • Inductive strategies require a well-orchestrated set of experiences so that students might infer accurate and appropriate principles from which to generate hypotheses (p. 105).

Phrases:
  • preferably in writing
  • why their hypotheses make sense
  • describe how they generated their hypotheses and to explain what they learned
  • thinking in real life is probably never purely inductive or deductive
  • prediction about the future, action, or event
  • involves the application of knowledge
  • can use the process in different tasks across all disciples
  • most powerful and analytic of cognitive operations

Words:
  • analysis
  • application
  • explain
  • experiences
  • variety
  • framework
  • engaged
  • inquiry

Synthesis:
  • This skill fosters higher-level thinking. Our words were related to higher levels on Bloom's Taxonomy.
  • Justifying their answers are critical.
  • We must teach them how to use inductive and deductive reasoning, how to hypothesize, how to test, etc.
  • Thinking is hard work.
  • These skills seem to help foster reasoning skills.
  • "We also have to look at ourselves to make sure that we aren't limiting students' abilities."

Here is a diagram of inductive and deductive reasoning.
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